Consider this a checklist for your API, it should work for REST, CLI or source code.

What the interface is for

Have a scope and tell me what it is in a couple of sentences.

How to

Let me learn the general approach and edge cases via a concise and result oriented documentation.

Feedback

Scream at me when I did something wrong and, if I was close enough (and you have a lot of time), point me in the right direction.

Consistency

For example, when treating errors you shouldn't alternate between simultaneous ways of telling your users something went wrong. Pick one and go with it.

  • error callbacks (JS)
  • separate errors from regular output (bash)
  • exceptions (python et al.)
  • magical return codes (C)

As simple as possible

If there's a parameter that can be made abundant - toss it away or promote all other parameters before that one. Read John Resig's post that led to jQuery for a good monolog.

Likewise, when your interface really depends on something, say so up front. Be it a library, variables or authentication - requirements can't show up five pages into the documentation or client code.